The Supreme Court obtains its powers in Article III section 2 of the Constitution. Their powers were fairly loosely defined in the constitution because framers, like Alexander Hamilton, didn't think it was a dangerous branch of government. They believed it wouldn't have the power necessary to create tyranny.
The Supreme Court was given the power to hear cases involving interpretations of the constitution and high ranking officials or ambassadors. Additionally, the Supreme Court will hear cases where the US is a party, citizens of different states are in a dispute or if multiple states are in a dispute. Finally, the Supreme Court handles cases between a state and a foreign country or the citizens in them.
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